For the future of crypto regulation, the US Senate Banking Committee recently advanced the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins Act, commonly known as the GENIUS Act, with a bipartisan vote of 18-6.
Sponsored by Senator Bill Hagerty (R-Tenn.), the proposed bill seeks to govern stablecoins which can facilitate cheaper and faster transactions globally, accessible to anyone with a smartphone.
However, the bill has sparked intense debate, particularly from Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), who has been a vocal critic of the potential risks associated with such legislation.
Tension Emerges As Stablecoin Regulation Advances
In his opening remarks during the Senate Banking Committee markup, Senator Hagerty emphasized the need for regulatory clarity, stating, “As the world modernizes its payment systems, the US cannot be left behind. Stablecoins can play a pivotal role in spurring that modernization.”
The Senator also highlighted the potential benefits of a clear regulatory framework in the country, including improved transaction efficiency and increased demand for US Treasury securities.
Crypto-skeptic Warren, on the other hand, has expressed concerns that the bill does not adequately protect consumers, taxpayers, or the broader economy in the event of a stablecoin failure.
“This bill begs for more bailouts,” she stated, highlighting her belief that it could inadvertently lead to taxpayer-funded rescues of failing stablecoin issuers.
Warren further criticized the legislation for allegedly empowering tech billionaires like Elon Musk and Mark Zuckerberg to launch their own dollar-based tokens, raising fears about the concentration of financial power in the hands of a few individuals.
Despite Warren’s objections, Hagerty argues that the GENIUS Act includes sufficient protections and regulatory measures to deter criminal activity. Supporters emphasize that the legislation mandates stablecoins to be backed by one-to-one reserve assets, which will be monitored by regulators.
Hurdles Ahead In Securing Full Senate Approval
The GENIUS Act introduces several key provisions aimed at regulating stablecoin issuers. It establishes licensing and oversight requirements, dictating that stablecoin issuers with a market capitalization below $10 billion will be regulated at the state level, while larger issuers will fall under the purview of the Federal Reserve and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).
In terms of transparency, the bill mandates that issuers must provide monthly liquidity reports and maintain full transparency regarding their reserve compositions, ensuring that stablecoins are backed by reserves held in U.S. dollars or highly liquid assets on a 1:1 basis.
Additionally, the legislation requires that issuers promptly meet redemption requests, granting the Federal Reserve and OCC the authority to suspend licenses or impose penalties for non-compliance. It also emphasizes anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) standards to prevent misuse for illicit activities.
The bill has garnered support from various stakeholders, including New York Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand and freshman Maryland Democrat Angela Alsobrooks, who back the legislation despite being outside the committee.
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Trump also view stablecoins favorably, with Bessent suggesting that they could enhance the dollar’s global dominance by increasing demand for US currency.
While the passage of the GENIUS Act in the Senate Banking Committee marks a pivotal moment in US crypto policy, the bill faces challenges ahead. It will require at least 60 votes to advance in the Senate, necessitating continued bipartisan cooperation.
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